Petroleum Industry and products

 Hi! there, I am going to write about the Petroleum industry and the product organic

 chemical industries.

       

Petroleum industries and petroleum products

Petroleum is mineral oil when it is in refined form. Petroleum is also known as rock oil. Petroleum is a mixture of several gaseous, liquid, and solid hydrocarbons having water, salts, and earth particles with them. Petroleum is lighter than water. Petroleum is insoluble in water. It is thought that petroleum has formed by the slow chemical and biochemical process of organic matter found between the sedimentary rocks. When petroleum is extracted from rocks it appears like a blackish color known as crude oil. It is refined to get petroleum fractions. Today many oil refineries are in operation to get the petroleum fractions. These chemical industries refined millions of tones of mineral oil to full fill the demand for petroleum fractions. The crude petroleum fractions are separated by fractional distillation in oil refineries corresponding to a particular boiling range.

Petroleum products

                                     

1. Natural gas:                                                                                                                                                                        Boiling Point<20 degrees centigrade                                                                                                 Composition:  CH4-C4H10                                                                                                             Uses: Fuel, Petrochemicals 
2. Petroleum Ether:                                                                                                                                                               Boiling Point <20_60 degrees centigrade                                                                                            Composition: C5H12- C6H14                                                                                                        Uses: Solvent 
3. Ligroin, or naphtha:                                                                                                                                                             Boiling point< 60-100 degrees centigrade                                                                                         Composition:  C6H14, C7H16                                                                                                         Uses: Solvent, raw materials
4. Gasoline:                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Boiling Point <40-220 degrees centigrade                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                      Composition: C4H10-C13H28 mostly and C6H14-C8H18                                                          Uses: Motor fuels
5. Kerosene:                 Boiling point<175- 325                                                                                                                       Composition: C8H8. C14H130                                                                                                         Uses:    Heating  fuel
6. Gas Oils:       Boiling Points: >275 degrees centigrade                                                                                           Composition: C12H26.C18H38                                                                                                        Uses: Diesel and heating fuels
7. Lubricating oils and greases: Boiling points of viscous liquids range                                                                                             Composition: >C18H38                                                                                                                   Uses: Lubrication
8. Paraffin:     M.P. 50-60                                                                                                                                           Composition:C23H48-C29H60                                                                                                         Uses: Wax products
9. Asphalt, or Petroleum coke: Boiling point range of solids                                                                                                             Composition: residue                                                                                                                       Uses: roofing, paving, fuel, reducing agent

            

                                            

History of the Petroleum Industry

The use of petroleum in the form of natural gas and oils had been known from early times. 5,000 years ago ancient Sumerians, Assyrians, and Baby loans used crude oil bituminous and asphalt. Ancient Egyptians had used liquid mineral oil liniment and laxatives as medicine. Arabs and Persians distilled crude oil to get illuminating weapons as incendiary arrows wrapped in oil. Then in the 12th century, these illuminating weapons were introduced in Europe. After this several countries had come to know to use petroleum are Cuba, Mexico, Bolivia, and Peru, especially North America, New York, and Pennsylvania are noted by early explorers. After the Mesopotamians, Greeks, and Romans the United States and many countries started the use of Petroleum for a long time. At the beginning of the 19th-  century illumination engines are designed and an industrial revolution came. So the demand for mineral oils and lubricants increased. To overcome the demand for energy explorers tried their best to find oil reservoirs beneath the earth's surface. This way explores found many reservoirs and the first well in 1859 was drilled in North Pennsylvania by an American entrepreneur Edwin Le. So within a short time, inexpensive oil was being obtained from underground reservoirs. This crude oil is then processed by oil refineries. After this oil reservoirs were discovered in 14 countries that are, the United States, the North Sea, Brazil, and Mexico, Venezuela, Saudi Arabia, Canada, Iraq, Iran, Kuwait, Russia, and the Caspian Sea region, West Africa, the major country and petroleum reservoir regions.

Importance of Petroleum:

At the beginning of 20th century industrial revolution had processed and these days the internal combustion engine designed. so the demand of energy increased for internal combustion engines, especially for automobiles. So refined oils for illuminants ceased to be primary importance. These days the production of  petroleum was also increasing. So the oils and gas industry became the major suppliers of energy.

At the starting of 21th-century the production of refined oil became 100 barrels per day to full fill the consumer's demand. These days the production and consumption is the basis of foreign policy of a country. As we know that oil contributes a major petrochemical feedstock and has primary importance for the economic growth of a country.