Organic chemical industries

Hi, I am here to write about the organic industries and organic products synthesized by organic industries

                               

 Organic industries

 Organic industries are those chemical industries that use chemicals/raw materials extracted from natural resources directly and they do not need further synthetic chemicals made in the laboratories. For example, in the synthesis of alcohol fermentation of carbohydrates is carried out which is the basic chemical. And the carbohydrates are synthesized by plants. This way carbohydrates are taken from plants. Similarly, gasoline is extracted from petroleum that is naturally found in nature as a product of the chemical reaction shown by plants, fossils of animals, etc. buried inside the earth's crust thousands of years ago. So the organic industries extracted the petroleum products without any chemical synthesis and obtain the desired organic products. So,

 these organic industries are famous for synthesizing products that are organic in nature. Now you will be thinking that what is organic nature. The answer is that all the compounds or products that contain Carbon and Hydrogen elements in their composition are organic in nature, and these are called hydrocarbons, for example, methane gas, ethane gas, propane gas, butane gas are hydrocarbons consisting of carbon and hydrogen. These all are major components of natural gas and many petroleum products. Similarly, benzene, anthracene, naphthalene, naphthalene, and anthracene are examples of cyclic hydrocarbons.

The derivatives of hydrocarbons are alkyl halides, carboxylic acids, aldehydes and ketones, alcohols, ethers, esters, etc. 

Bio- compounds like carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, cellulose, nucleic acids, etc. are also organic derivatives hence having organic nature.

 Now after understanding the organic nature of compounds, we can describe the organic industries and their products easily. Organic industries these days use hydrocarbons like saturated hydrocarbons; and unsaturated hydrocarbons that are mostly alkanes, olefins,, and dienes (oils obtained from plants or animals) respectively. As well as aromatic hydrocarbons, synthesis gas carbon mono-oxide, etc. are also in use. 

Various inorganic compounds are also used in organic industries. For example, halogens are also called sea salts,( Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine, astatine, e t c .), inorganic acids, and bases, Oxygen and hydrogen e t c. 

 But the Hydrocarbons are very important in the organic industry and serve as feedstock for an industry like 

Petrochemical industry, 

Plastic industry

Rubber industry

Synthetic fiber industry

Synthetic detergents etc.

Similarly, derivatives of hydrocarbons are also important for industry;

The derivatives of hydrocarbons provide the basis for

Food industries like beverages, dairy products, Preserved food, etc.

Rubber industries

Leather industries

Composting industries etc.

pharmacological industries/drugs industry

Now we will see what are the sources of raw materials for the organic industries as,

Sources of Organic raw materials:

1. Animals 
2. Plants

 Animals Sources of raw materials

Live animals;

• Proteins ;(eggs, mutton, chicken, beef, fish)
• Fats/oils(milk, butter cheese, etc.)

Dead animals; (fossil fuels, petroleum gas, etc.)                                                               

      Plant's Sources of raw materials

Live plants:               

                                                                                                                                                                   

•      Carbohydrates: wheat, maize, potatoes, barley, rice 
•       Proteins:   pulses, beans 
•       Vitamins:  fruits like apple, orange, banana  

•        Oils:   palm oil, olive oil, soya beans, peanut, etc.
•       etc.

                             

                                               

Dead plants:

• Coal
• Petroleum
• Natural gas

Processing in the Organic industry:

Several industrial processes one after the other are applied to gain organic synthesis. Every organic product requires different techniques of separation, purifying, packing, etc. These technical ways are known as processing operations. So these processing operations are different from one another depending on technologies and raw materials used in the organic chemical industry respectively. To get the most purified substances an automatic system has been designed for industrial processes. These automatic systems are used for the control of complex chemical-engineering plants and units. To get a  specific product a specific set of processing operations has been designed. This way different operations are done simultaneously to synthesize the desired product.

For example in the synthesis of gasoline, a special operating unit that is a fractional column has been designed.

Another example is the production of margarine. In this process, the hydrogenation of oils takes place under a specially designed unit.

 

Similarly, soap production requires special operations and a unit.